• Citizenship | Definition, History, & Facts | Britannica

    citizenship, relationship between an individual and a state to which the individual owes allegiance and in turn is entitled to its protection. Citizenship implies the status of freedom with accompanying responsibilities. Citizens have certain rights, duties, and responsibilities that are denied or only partially extended to aliens and other ...

    عرض المزيد
  • Mexico | History, Map, Flag, Population, & Facts | Britannica

    Mayan pyramid, Chichén Itzá, Mexico. Mexico, country of southern North America and the third largest country in Latin America, after Brazil and Argentina. Mexican society is characterized by extremes of wealth and poverty, with a limited middle class wedged between an elite cadre of landowners and investors on the one hand and …

    عرض المزيد
  • Amazon.com | History & Facts | Britannica

    Amazon.com is a vast Internet -based enterprise that sells books, music, movies, housewares, electronics, toys, and many other goods, either directly or as the middleman between other retailers and Amazon.com's millions of customers. Its Web services business includes renting data storage and computing resources, so-called " …

    عرض المزيد
  • Militia | Definition, History, & Facts | Britannica

    militia, military organization of citizens with limited military training, which is available for emergency service, usually for local defense. In many countries the militia is of ancient origin; Macedonia under Philip II (d. 336 bc ), for example, had a militia of clansmen in border regions who could be called to arms to repel invaders.

    عرض المزيد
  • Britannica All New Kids' Encyclopedia

    The Britannica All New Kids' Encyclopedia contains all new material, explores a wide range of topics, and is divided into eight chapters by subject: Universe, Earth, Matter, Life, …

    عرض المزيد
  • Eiffel Tower | History, Height, & Facts | Britannica

    The tower itself is 300 metres (984 feet) high. It rests on a base that is 5 metres (17 feet) high, and a television antenna atop the tower gives it a total elevation of 330 metres (1,083 feet). The Eiffel Tower was …

    عرض المزيد
  • Britannica Kids

    An age-appropriate, safe encyclopedia resource designed for learning and homework assistance for kindergarten through fifth grade from Britannica Kids…

    عرض المزيد
  • Colosseum | Definition, Characteristics, History, & …

    Colosseum, giant amphitheater built in Rome under the Flavian emperors. Unlike earlier amphitheaters, the Colosseum is a freestanding structure of stone and concrete that uses a complex system …

    عرض المزيد
  • Republic | Definition, History, & Facts | Britannica

    political system representative democracy democratic peace republicanism. republic, form of government in which a state is ruled by representatives of the citizen body. Modern republics are founded on the idea that sovereignty rests with the people, though who is included and excluded from the category of the people has varied across history.

    عرض المزيد
  • Women's rights movement | Definition, Leaders, Overview, History, & Facts

    women's rights movement, also called women's liberation movement, diverse social movement, largely based in the United States, that in the 1960s and '70s sought equal rights and opportunities and greater personal freedom for women. It coincided with and is recognized as part of the "second wave" of feminism.

    عرض المزيد
  • Encyclopedia Britannica | Britannica

    As the calendar turns toward September, and students and teachers everywhere head back to school, remember: Britannica has you covered. Every day, our subject-matter experts focus on making the tools— videos, quizzes, games, articles, lists, and graphics—that make learning fun and engaging. And our rigorous fact-checking process, refined ...

    عرض المزيد
  • India | History, Map, Population, Economy, & Facts | Britannica

    India, country that occupies the greater part of South Asia. It is a constitutional republic that represents a highly diverse population consisting of thousands of ethnic groups. Its capital is New Delhi. With roughly one-sixth of the world's total population, it is the second most populous country, after China.

    عرض المزيد
  • Roman Catholicism | Definition, Beliefs, History, & Facts | Britannica

    Roman Catholicism, Christian church that has been the decisive spiritual force in the history of Western civilization. Along with Eastern Orthodoxy and Protestantism, it is one of the three major branches of Christianity. It is led by the pope, as the bishop of Rome, and the Holy See forms the church's central government, making decisions on ...

    عرض المزيد
  • Australia | History, Cities, Population, Capital, Map, & Facts | Britannica

    Australia's capital is Canberra, located in the southeast between the larger and more important economic and cultural centres of Sydney and Melbourne. The Australian mainland extends from west to east for nearly 2,500 miles (4,000 km) and from Cape York Peninsula in the northeast to Wilsons Promontory in the southeast for nearly 2,000 miles ...

    عرض المزيد
  • Slavery | Definition, History, & Facts | Britannica

    Slavery, condition in which one human being was owned by another. A slave was considered by law as property, or chattel, and was deprived of most of the …

    عرض المزيد
  • Papermaking | Process, History, & Facts | Britannica

    papermaking, formation of a matted or felted sheet, usually of cellulose fibres, from water suspension on a wire screen. Paper is the basic material used for written communication and the dissemination of information. In addition, paper and paperboard provide materials for hundreds of other uses, such as wrapping, packaging, toweling ...

    عرض المزيد
  • Opera | History & Facts | Britannica

    The English word opera is an abbreviation of the Italian phrase opera in musica ("work in music"). It denotes a theatrical work consisting of a dramatic text, or libretto ("booklet"), that has been set to music and staged with scenery, costumes, and movement. Aside from solo, ensemble, and choral singers onstage and a group of ...

    عرض المزيد
  • Windsor Castle | History & Facts | Britannica

    Windsor Castle, English royal residence that stands on a ridge at the northeastern edge of the district of Windsor and Maidenhead in the county of Berkshire, England. The castle occupies 13 acres (5 …

    عرض المزيد
  • Nineteenth Amendment | History & Facts | Britannica

    women voting in New York City. Nineteenth Amendment, amendment (1920) to the Constitution of the United States that officially extended the right to vote to women. Opposition to woman suffrage in the United States predated the Constitutional Convention (1787), which drafted and adopted the Constitution. The prevailing view within society …

    عرض المزيد
  • History of film | Summary, Industry, History, & Facts | Britannica

    history of film, also called history of the motion picture, history of cinema, a popular form of mass media, from the 19th century to the present. (Read Martin Scorsese's Britannica essay on film preservation.) Early years, 1830–1910 Origins. The illusion of films is based on the optical phenomena known as persistence of vision and …

    عرض المزيد
  • Colombia | History, Map, Flag, Capital, …

    The population is largely concentrated in the mountainous interior, where Bogotá, the national capital, is situated on a high plateau in the northern Andes Mountains. Colombia. The only American nation …

    عرض المزيد
  • Chemistry | Definition, Topics, Types, History, & …

    chemistry, the science that deals with the properties, composition, and structure of substances (defined as elements and compounds), the transformations they undergo, and the energy that is released or …

    عرض المزيد
  • Slav | History & Facts | Britannica

    Almost all Sami are now bilingual, and many no longer even speak their native language. In the late 20th century there were from 30,000 to 40,000 Sami in Norway and about 20,000 in Sweden, 6,000 in Finland, and …

    عرض المزيد
  • Muhammad | Biography, History, & Facts | Britannica

    Muhammad, in full Abū al-Qāsim Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib ibn Hāshim, (born c. 570, Mecca, Arabia [now in Saudi Arabia]—died June 8, 632, Medina), the founder of Islam and the proclaimer of the Qurʾān. Muhammad is traditionally said to have been born in 570 in Mecca and to have died in 632 in Medina, where he ...

    عرض المزيد
  • Titanic | History, Sinking, Rescue, Survivors, Movies, & Facts

    Titanic, British luxury passenger liner that sank on April 14–15, 1912, during its maiden voyage, en route to New York City from Southampton, England, killing about 1,500 people. One of the most famous tragedies in modern history, it inspired numerous works of art and has been the subject of much scholarship.

    عرض المزيد
  • Political correctness (PC) | Definition, Origin, History, & Facts

    political correctness (PC), term used to refer to language that seems intended to give the least amount of offense, especially when describing groups identified by external markers such as race, gender, culture, or sexual orientation. The concept has been discussed, disputed, criticized, and satirized by commentators from across the political ...

    عرض المزيد
  • Yosemite National Park | Location, History, Climate, & Facts

    Yosemite Falls. The park is situated in the heart of the Sierra Nevada range, and most of it lies within the basins of the Merced and Tuolumne rivers. The land rises from west to east, the eastern boundary forming a drainage divide. Most of the tallest peaks are in the southeastern area of the park, many exceeding 10,000 feet (3,050 metres ...

    عرض المزيد
  • Ancient Egypt | History, Government, Culture, Map, & Facts

    Ancient Egypt, civilization in northeastern Africa that dates from the 4th millennium BCE. Its many achievements, preserved in its art and monuments, hold a fascination that continues to grow as archaeological finds expose its secrets. Learn more about ancient Egypt in …

    عرض المزيد
  • Bermuda | Geography, History, & Facts | Britannica

    Bermuda. The archipelago is about 24 miles (40 km) long and averages less than 1 mile (1.6 km) in width. The main islands are clustered together in the shape of a fishhook and are connected by bridges. The largest island is Main Island, 14 miles (22.5 km) long and 1 mile wide. The Peak, at 259 feet (79 metres) on Main Island, is the highest point.

    عرض المزيد
  • Cotton Club | Description, History, & Facts | Britannica

    The Cotton Club's best years were from 1922 to 1935. Following the Harlem riots of 1935, the establishment moved to West 48th Street, but the club never regained its earlier success and was closed in 1940. Since then the Cotton Club name has been appropriated by nightclubs around the world, including a re-creation of the original club in ...

    عرض المزيد
  • Taliban | Definition, History, & Facts | Britannica

    Taliban, Pashto Ṭālebān ("Students"), also spelled Taleban, ultraconservative political and religious faction that emerged in Afghanistan in the mid …

    عرض المزيد
  • African Americans | History, Facts, & Culture | Britannica

    African Americans are mainly of African ancestry, but many have non-Black ancestors as well. African Americans are largely the descendants of enslaved people who were brought from their African homelands by force to work in the New World. Their rights were severely limited, and they were long denied a rightful share in the economic, social, …

    عرض المزيد
  • France | History, Map, Flag, Population, Cities, Capital, & Facts

    France. France is among the globe's oldest nations, the product of an alliance of duchies and principalities under a single ruler in the Middle Ages. Today, as in that era, central authority is vested in the state, even though a measure of autonomy has been granted to the country's régions in recent decades. The French people look to the ...

    عرض المزيد
  • Enron scandal | Summary, Explained, History, & Facts | Britannica

    Enron scandal, series of events that resulted in the bankruptcy of the U.S. energy, commodities, and services company Enron Corporation and the dissolution of Arthur Andersen LLP, which had been one of the largest auditing and accounting companies in the world. The collapse of Enron, which held more than $60 billion in assets, involved one of ...

    عرض المزيد